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Global • 2026-11-01, 02:44 GMT • ~1 min read

Vitamin A discovery rewrites how scientists understand sharp vision

وٹامن اے کی دریافت نے تیز نظر کی سائنس بدل دی

विटामिन ए की खोज ने तेज दृष्टि के विज्ञान को बदल दिया

Vitamin A discovery rewrites how scientists understand sharp vision

Key points

اہم نکات

मुख्य बातें

  • Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have found that a molecule made from vitamin A works together with thyroid hormones to build the eye's sharpest vision before birth, overturning an explanation that stood for about three decades.
  • Studying lab-grown miniature human retinas, they found that blue cone cells in the foveola, the tiny centre of the retina responsible for the sharpest sight, do not simply move away as long believed.
  • Instead, between the 10th and 14th weeks of fetal development, retinoic acid limits new blue cones and thyroid hormones help turn the remaining ones into red and green cones.
  • جانز ہاپکنز یونیورسٹی کے سائنسدانوں نے دریافت کیا ہے کہ وٹامن اے سے بننے والا ایک مالیکیول تھائرائیڈ ہارمونز کے ساتھ مل کر پیدائش سے پہلے آنکھ کی تیز ترین نظر بناتا ہے، جس سے تقریباً تین دہائیوں پرانی وضاحت غلط ثابت ہوئی ہے۔ لیب میں اگائی گئی انسانی ریٹینا کی چھوٹی ٹشوز کا مطالعہ کر کے انہوں نے پایا کہ فوویولا میں نیلے کون خلیے، جو ریٹینا کا وہ چھوٹا مرکز ہے جو تیز ترین نظر کا ذمہ دار ہے، صرف دور نہیں ہوتے جیسا کہ پہلے مانا جاتا تھا۔ بلکہ حمل کے 10ویں سے 14ویں ہفتے کے درمیان ریٹینوک ایسڈ نئے نیلے کونز کو محدود کرتا ہے اور تھائرائیڈ ہارمونز باقی خلیوں کو سرخ اور سبز کونز میں بدلنے میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔ پروسیڈنگز آف دی نیشنل اکیڈمی آف سائنسز میں شائع یہ تحقیق میکولر ڈیجنریشن اور گلوکوما پر مستقبل کی تحقیق کی رہنمائی کر سکتی ہے، لیکن یہ کوئی علاج نہیں اور اس کا مطلب یہ نہیں کہ وٹامن اے کی گولیاں بالغوں کی نظر بہتر کرتی ہیں۔
  • जॉन्स हॉपकिन्स विश्वविद्यालय के वैज्ञानिकों ने पाया है कि विटामिन ए से बना एक अणु थायरॉयड हार्मोन के साथ मिलकर जन्म से पहले आंख की सबसे तेज दृष्टि बनाता है, जिससे लगभग तीन दशकों पुरानी व्याख्या गलत साबित हुई है। प्रयोगशाला में उगाए गए मानव रेटिना के छोटे ऊतकों का अध्ययन करके उन्होंने पाया कि फोवियोला में नीले शंकु कोशिकाएं, जो रेटिना का वह छोटा केंद्र है जो सबसे तेज दृष्टि के लिए जिम्मेदार है, केवल दूर नहीं जातीं जैसा पहले माना जाता था। बल्कि गर्भावस्था के 10वें से 14वें सप्ताह के बीच रेटिनोइक एसिड नए नीले शंकुओं को सीमित करता है और थायरॉयड हार्मोन बाकी कोशिकाओं को लाल और हरे शंकुओं में बदलने में मदद करते हैं। प्रोसीडिंग्स ऑफ द नेशनल एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज में प्रकाशित यह शोध मैक्युलर डिजनरेशन और ग्लूकोमा पर भविष्य के अनुसंधान का मार्गदर्शन कर सकता है, लेकिन यह कोई इलाज नहीं है और इसका अर्थ यह नहीं है कि विटामिन ए की गोलियां वयस्कों की दृष्टि सुधारती हैं।

Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have found that a molecule made from vitamin A works together with thyroid hormones to build the eye's sharpest vision before birth, overturning an explanation that stood for about three decades. Studying lab-grown miniature human retinas, they found that blue cone cells in the foveola, the tiny centre of the retina responsible for the sharpest sight, do not simply move away as long believed. Instead, between the 10th and 14th weeks of fetal development, retinoic acid limits new blue cones and thyroid hormones help turn the remaining ones into red and green cones. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the work could guide future research into macular degeneration and glaucoma, though it is not a treatment and does not mean vitamin A supplements improve adult eyesight.

جانز ہاپکنز یونیورسٹی کے سائنسدانوں نے دریافت کیا ہے کہ وٹامن اے سے بننے والا ایک مالیکیول تھائرائیڈ ہارمونز کے ساتھ مل کر پیدائش سے پہلے آنکھ کی تیز ترین نظر بناتا ہے، جس سے تقریباً تین دہائیوں پرانی وضاحت غلط ثابت ہوئی ہے۔ لیب میں اگائی گئی انسانی ریٹینا کی چھوٹی ٹشوز کا مطالعہ کر کے انہوں نے پایا کہ فوویولا میں نیلے کون خلیے، جو ریٹینا کا وہ چھوٹا مرکز ہے جو تیز ترین نظر کا ذمہ دار ہے، صرف دور نہیں ہوتے جیسا کہ پہلے مانا جاتا تھا۔ بلکہ حمل کے 10ویں سے 14ویں ہفتے کے درمیان ریٹینوک ایسڈ نئے نیلے کونز کو محدود کرتا ہے اور تھائرائیڈ ہارمونز باقی خلیوں کو سرخ اور سبز کونز میں بدلنے میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔ پروسیڈنگز آف دی نیشنل اکیڈمی آف سائنسز میں شائع یہ تحقیق میکولر ڈیجنریشن اور گلوکوما پر مستقبل کی تحقیق کی رہنمائی کر سکتی ہے، لیکن یہ کوئی علاج نہیں اور اس کا مطلب یہ نہیں کہ وٹامن اے کی گولیاں بالغوں کی نظر بہتر کرتی ہیں۔

जॉन्स हॉपकिन्स विश्वविद्यालय के वैज्ञानिकों ने पाया है कि विटामिन ए से बना एक अणु थायरॉयड हार्मोन के साथ मिलकर जन्म से पहले आंख की सबसे तेज दृष्टि बनाता है, जिससे लगभग तीन दशकों पुरानी व्याख्या गलत साबित हुई है। प्रयोगशाला में उगाए गए मानव रेटिना के छोटे ऊतकों का अध्ययन करके उन्होंने पाया कि फोवियोला में नीले शंकु कोशिकाएं, जो रेटिना का वह छोटा केंद्र है जो सबसे तेज दृष्टि के लिए जिम्मेदार है, केवल दूर नहीं जातीं जैसा पहले माना जाता था। बल्कि गर्भावस्था के 10वें से 14वें सप्ताह के बीच रेटिनोइक एसिड नए नीले शंकुओं को सीमित करता है और थायरॉयड हार्मोन बाकी कोशिकाओं को लाल और हरे शंकुओं में बदलने में मदद करते हैं। प्रोसीडिंग्स ऑफ द नेशनल एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज में प्रकाशित यह शोध मैक्युलर डिजनरेशन और ग्लूकोमा पर भविष्य के अनुसंधान का मार्गदर्शन कर सकता है, लेकिन यह कोई इलाज नहीं है और इसका अर्थ यह नहीं है कि विटामिन ए की गोलियां वयस्कों की दृष्टि सुधारती हैं।

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